Hedge Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

misrepresent Funds - Essay Example intimately of the hedge memory boards ar devised in such a manner that they atomic number 18 able to hark back return for the investors with the rate of return that is generally more than the market return and even in multiplication when the market is not performing well up receivable to recession or some other reason. However, a retail investor cannot invest in the hedge fund the same way as he would permit done it for stocks or mutual notes. The operations of these coin fall beyond the control of any government regulation and hence it is mainly at the fund managers discretion that the investment portfolio would be designed, what strategies would be employed and which stocks are to be included. The main motive behind devising such a fund was to secure the funds from the market risk and to earn more return. Hedge Fund focus and Skill The focussing of this kind of investment product requires a lot of readiness. The fund managers need to earn an insight about the market and the various risk management strategies that can help the managers to cover the fund against probable losses and gain profits out of those risky situations. The managers and the investors of these kinds of funds need to be informed of the types of investment risks that they may come across. Since higher the risk taken higher is the possibility of return, the hedge funds often attempt at taking risks that may not be beneficial for the investors. The capabilities and expertise of management of the hedge funds cannot be determined from their past performances because there are a lot of fluctuations in the way the hedge funds tend to perform. If an investor tries to invest in a fund looking at the past performance he might face a lot of challenges because the fund may not perform as before. Hedge Funds and Luck Often the investors of a hedge fund are confused between luck and skill. The common people think that a particular fund performed well beca use of the efficiency of the manager. But it is not always the case. It might happen because of good luck as well. some of the hedge funds do not encounter any kind of restrictions and hence their portfolios are not very diversified. For any risk averse individual it is highly risky to invest because the direction in which the market moves may not favour that particular fund. These kinds of funds often result in a mixed performance which may not be favourable for the investors in the long run. Hence, though the skill level of the managers is extremely important for prediction of the market and for choosing the correct investment avenue, the investors cannot rely on the cognizance of the fund managers or their past performance solely. There is a luck factor and there should be a certain level of control of expectations on part of the investors because the markets may change its colour due to any kind of unprecedented event and hence may expose them to a risky situation. Hedge Funds and Insider Trading The agency theory is often applicable in case of hedge funds where the fund managers act as the agents of the investors. In most cases there exists an information asymmetry between the investors and the managers and the last mentioned take this advantage for deriving undue profit from the market. Since Hedge Funds, are privately owned, they do not fall under the jurisdiction of any rigid regulatory framework. Thus the disclosure requirements of this fund are also less. Thus there may be problems of insider traffic in case of hedge funds. The phenomenon of insider trading takes place when a fund manager makes use of any price

Using Recycled PCC as Aggregate in New PCC Research Paper

Using Recycled PCC as Aggregate in pertly PCC - Research Paper ExampleHowever, these recycled cover fuses (RCA) piddle to meet NJDOTs quality needs in case they are to be used in PCC. Only 11 states permit use of RCA in PCC, while all but 13 states allow the use of it in base union. Some states in addition permit its use as miscellaneous aggregate and in HMA.Through the crushing / grinding of concrete pavements or any waste concrete, RCA is produced, after the removing any reinforcing steel. In the same way the production of aggregate from virgin materials is, production of required gradations is too- through screening and crushing (PCA 1). However, significant differences between virgin aggregates and RCA have led officials in state transportation in Muchials and New Jersey in adopting RCA as aggregate for PCC acceptably (PCA 1). The presence of mortar adhering to the Recycled aggregates or cement paste reduces density, increases drying shrinkage, and increases porosity in PCC . The presence of contaminants as well as the quality of the being recycles original concrete are all problems that should be taken in concern additionally (PCA 1). The two primary sources for use in PCC, of stockpiled RCA are precaters who are raise in reusing surplus materials and class B recyclers who crush and accept concrete waste. Before RCA is implemented, those are the issues that must be addressed. Another important component of the project is the preliminary review that has been provided for the expansion of this work, as a part of this proposalAs the proposers believe, an extensive field installation plan is likely to result to open-ended and long research projects, which address the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in PCC. Due to this reason, proposals have been made to let in field installation as part of part of the work. The field installation be limited to applications of inflict risks that permit the recommendations and

Competing in the global arina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Competing in the global arina - bear witness ExampleGlobliztion is neither new nor folly but global movement of ides, people, technology nd goods from iodin region to others benefiting the people t lrge (mrty Sen cited Stiglitz 2002, p. 6).The main companies contributed to globalization are McDonalds, General Motors, Wal-Mart, Google and Yahoo which account for all over half of the worlds output. This geographical concentration reflects existing economic relations between the North and the atomic number 16 (Bhagwati 98). Rivalling nation-states in their economic power, these corporations control much of the worlds investment capital, technology, and access to international foodstuffs. In order to maintain their braggart(a) positions in the global marketplace, transnational corporations merge with other corporations. These companies have consolidated their global operations in an increasingly deregulated global labor market. The availability of cheap labor, resources, and favora ble production conditions in the global South has enhanced corporate mobility and profitability (Hirst and Thompson 134-135).The main drivers of globalization are technology, exhaust trade and low barriers to trade, investments and democratisation processes. A combination of weak and unstable governments, small and vulnerable economies, warlike conditions, and widespread poverty creates unattractive conditions for the major drivers of globalization, especially the global corporations and other private sector investors (Bhagwati 23). Apart from mining and other indwelling resources extractive industries, these countries are not players in the global economy. Moreover, lack of good governance often means that the replication from these economic activities benefit only a select group of elites, giving rise to private armies and irregular movements (Stiglitz 90). Price system help companies to sell product around the world and meet diverse customers needs. Indeed, the networks mar ket share increased even further as a result of the dramatic reduction in the price and size of satellite dishes. Suddenly, such technologies became affordable, even for low-income consumers (Bhagwati 21). For instance, a new economic order allows the farmers to aver more than the market can absorb but get paid at a upright price. It also keeps agricultural goods, produced elsewhere more cheaply and efficiently, out of these countries markets. Globalization, as it relates to trade, is aimed at reducing or eliminating protectionism in order to maintain a level playing field for all trading nations. Still, ontogeny countries continue to face a wide range of nontariff administrative instruments of protectionism, which keep their exports out of the rich markets of veritable countries. Protectionism by the developed countries-aimed at keeping developing countries out of the formers markets especially in sectors such as agriculture, textiles, and light manufacturing where the latter have a decided comparative advantage-is a serious impediment to free trade and globalization and a constant source of conflict in multilateral negotiations (Hirst and Thompson 98). Contrary to domain perception, export subsidies are not an efficient public policy instrument for allocating resources. This is particularly important for developing countr

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Entrepreneurship - Essay ExampleEntrepreneurial Journey of Oleg Tinkov fit to Paul Burns (2001), in the flesh(predicate) characteristics and traits, societal culture, antecedent influence and situational factors are the strongest influencers on enterpriser (Burns, 2001). Thus, it is grievous to note that Oleg Tinkovs journey towards becoming an entrepreneur started at his childhood itself due to his fathers influence. As he grew old, cycling became one of his favorite leisure activities. Entrepreneurial analysis with respect to personal traits and characteristics suggests that entrepreneurs possess similar characteristics to those of sportsmen. Therefore, it is implied that his passion for cycling also has led him forward in his journey towards entrepreneurship. As gainsay moves for Oleg Tinkov during his start ups, situational factors played an important role too. The micro-environment factors were prevalent inwardly the country such as that of changes in perception, mood and meaning of the societal communities. Oleg Tinkov challenged the macro economic factors such as economic changes within the country and market structure. His challenge was initiated by his motive of grasping the first mover advantage in the market generated after the disintegration in the Soviet Union. He held extremely strong instinct of defeating any(prenominal) challenge and every time evolved as a winner and this trait has been activated upon him through his great interest in cycling (Tinkov, 2006). Entrepreneurial Opportunity for Oleg Tinkov Oleg Tinkov is a constant seeker of business opportunities and it is his wait for the best which has never allowed him to remain stiff to a single... This editing researches an entrepreneurial background of Oleg Tinkov, his entrepreneurial opportunities and its sack into business, business strategies and decisions of Oleg Tinkov, challenges and remedial actions to those challenges by Oleg Tinkov, his entrepreneurial network and role of l uck and fortune. From the overall analysis of entrepreneurial traits of Oleg Tinkov, it can be stated that there cannot be the most steal ingredient for the best entrepreneur blended with certain portion of characteristics and certain portion of luck or fortune. Conversely, it is a combination of different factors which can only be enhanced by the entrepreneur himself. The entrepreneurs, who realize the importance of the most appropriate factors, ultimately become palmy. However, at the same time, the entrepreneurs can conduct an in-depth analysis of the situational factors for interpreting the entrepreneurial traits and arrive at towards adopting those traits. It has also been found out from the entrepreneurial analysis that people who are more(prenominal) indulged in challenging activities such as that of sports and hold strong notion of winning each of the game are more likely to become a successful entrepreneur. Above all these facts behind becoming a successful entrepreneu r lay the capability of identifying opportunities in the market and grasping each of the opportunities. Change identification and reading to changed environment are undeniably the most important characteristics of an entrepreneur.

Personal Leadership Philosophy and Practice Paper Thesis

Personal Leadership Philosophy and Practice Paper - Thesis poserWhat is leading? Leadership can be broadly defined as unique approach of individuals or leadershiphip who can bring about changes in other people. It is an integral part of human demeanour as it is linked to followers. Kouzes and Posner (2007) assert that leaders approach to tackling issues or promoting a cause is major constituent that makes them popular amongst the followers. It becomes highly pertinent at bottom the organizations as it helps to meet the challenges of work paradigms and inspires others to achieve a super acid goal. Leadership styles Chandler (1977) has explored the issues with reference to individual approach and says that strategies of managerial leadership become their major motivating chemical element for their success within the organizations. I believe that three major styles of leadership are popular within organizations Transformational situational and participative. James Burns (1978) states that transforming leadership is based on a relationship of mutual inspiration and top of the inning that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. The political leaders are lots endowed with traits of transformational leaders who take up social causes as major agenda to transform them into undeviating followers. Situational leaders exploit situations to enhance performance. Sjostrand and Tyrstrup (2001) believe that managerial leadership is relational ongoing social manifestation which fits to the changing equations. This is very important in the contemporary environment of fast changing technology and globalization. much(prenominal) types of leaders are able to convince others to adopt changes and take them as opportunities for improving productive outcome. Participative leadership takes into consideration the views of others and promotes collectives decision making based on informed choice for common goals. Tannenbaum & Schmidt (1973) emphasize that organisational leaders increasingly prefer participative leadership as they can use effective communication to packet organizational vision, mission and goals with the workforce. Leadership traits Leadership qualities and traits encourage participation of the workforce in the overall outline of having collective goals through shared learning. Many scholars have conducted studies to find the traits and behaviour and leadership style that has alter common man into effective leaders (Stogdill 1974 Yukl 2002). Few of the important traits that a leader must tutor are good communication vision adaptability towards change positive attitude and commitment creativity, initiative and flavor integrity and ethics compassion and caring nature. Effective communication is one of the most crucial traits of the leaders which is used to disseminate information and inculcate a sense of responsibility amongst the various stakeholders of the organization. Visionary leaders empower th eir followers so that they can make decisions based on informed choices. It facilitates in adapting to the changes which encounter due to transforming technologies and values and significantly impact organizational processes. Indeed, effective leadership influences cultural identity and helps adapt to the changing environment. The organizational le

Christian scriptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Christian scriptures - Essay ExampleThe real target of the gospel truth is therefore to establish faith in Christ (NIV Compact Dictionary, p.226).The first three gospels i.e. of St. Matthew, St. dent and St. Luke, have an obvious and striking (Catholic Encyclopedia) mutual resemblance, and grouped together are known as the synoptic Gospels. Synoptic means of the same view. The fact that some material is common betwixt the synoptical gospels also suggests that some of the synoptic texts were used as source material for the opposites. These synoptic texts contrast with the final fourth Gospel of St. John whose relations with the other three is that of dissimilarity or else than of likeness. (ibid) This gospel narrates few incidents in common with the synoptists, and differs from them in respect to style, language, general plan, etc. (ibid) That is, its content cannot be harmonized with the synoptic narratives. It also does not contain any parables as the other three. In short, wh ilst the Synoptic Gospels offer alternative but parallel accounts of the life of Jesus, the Gospel of St. John the Apostle stands apart from them in terms of its content, coverage and approach. Nonetheless, all four gospels are intimately related in organism related to Jesus life and teachings.Each gospel writer therefore presents a particular drawing of Jesus in their own unique way. Matthew concentrates on the relationship of Jesus to the Jewish faith Mark emphases action rather than teaching Luke stresses the blessings of salvation brought by Jesus and John reveals Jesus as the hotshot sent by God the Father into the world to be its Saviour. (Lion Handbook, p.470-472) So, Matthew writes for his fellow Jews, concentrates on Jesus as the Messiah, and carefully records what Jesus said about the kingdom of heaven. Matthews gospel more than any other is the link between the

Critical thinking art paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

little thinking art paper - Essay ExampleSuch depiction was evident by the routine of multimedia system that added to the value of the entire art entertainment. Truly, it is evident that the conceptual basis for such entertainment was the late time that allows almost everyone in all walks of life to relate with.Therefore, the artwork in the way out significantly involved computer technology. By being able to use multimedia presentations synchronizing the actors performance on stage, the entire show elaborated a truly new form of entertainment that was remarkably aline with the modern times. It showcased an art that the new generation today with highly advanced technology can in conclusion appreciate.As already stated, the use of multimedia was enticing viewers to appreciate the whole theatrical event that is truly different from the classical one. Therefore the use of technology alone was a fundamental chemical element of the Blue Man Group Universal that allowed it to be dif ferentiated from the other theatrical and exquisite performers. This at long last created a word of mouth, and as a result, many people were encouraged to experience the live artistic performance of the Blue Man Group Universal.Although the presentation of the Blue Man Group Universal all the same have important elements like those in any other classical theatrical event, what differentiated it from the stick around was the level of interaction it tried to create with its target audience. The artistic performance was eventually designed in such a way that people in different walks of life can relate, both younker and old. The interaction was able to create appreciation of the advantage of using technology in order to enkindle or refine the presentation of the artistic design. Computer arts was remarkable in the presentation, prior to sympathetic to human emotion by triggering laughter and awe-inspiring creativity that was made possible via the employment of multimedia present ation. In this case, the use of

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Business management - Essay ExampleLuckily, the follow I wish to acetify for i.e. GE was not on that list and the ethical report from GE as well as other data gathitherd from secondary sources about GE memorialise that the company is on quite well footings when it comes to ethics.To conduct the size up, the first source was GEs own report on their incorporate ethics and their citizenship in terms of being a wear out of the business world (GE, 2006). As discussed by Carmichael et. al. (2008), elements such as ethical values, baseline ethics, social expectations and stakeholder analysis were used to create an ethical audit on the position of GE and to understand their current standings with regard to ethics. Additionally, secondary sources were also used that show that GE still has some trouble with regard to ethical treatment of certain minority employees which shows that there is room for improvement.The company itself is well esteemed and held in high esteem by business analy sts as well as CEOs of other companies (Demos, 2006). It has a long history of global operations and has excellent in many sectors and fields of business such as administration, human resources management. According to Welch (2005), a greathearted part of this admiration comes from the manner in which GE handles its business aspects of good leadership coming from the highest end of the company and the process of creating positive motivation for the employees of the organisation.As a global player, GE is certainly a titan with a history that goes back to the invention of the light bulb at the hands of Edison. Today, GE is the separate given to a large group of companies work under the same umbrella with eleven assorted concerns. From finance, to technology to aviation to manufacturing, GE engages in a variety of business which require a large number of employees spread across the globe. More than 300,000 employees in a 150 countries work for the company with a unified system that has been

Final report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Final cross - Essay Examplerban forests sustainability givingly depends on the peoples attitudes, character and activities on urban trees such(prenominal) as planting, land development, plant injury and pruning. Users of urban forests include the public, private enterprises and local anaesthetic anesthetic economical groups among others. concentre bodies operateulate appropriate policies apportion appropriate resources and manpower to implement urban forest projects. Managers must carry how to integrate public safety of urban forested areas and open spaces into the planning and management of urban forests. tree diagram selection is critical to ensuring that urban forests are diverse, healthy, and adapted to the urban environment, Environmental Commissioner of Ontario (2005).Urban forestry is a form of biophysical urban forest ecosystems management which is both dynamic and complex. It comprises of all trees found within a city, amidst large human populations and artificial in frastructure. Reports in Arborday (nd), indicate that this practice has a variety of benefits which benefit the lives of all urban dwellers. The focus of managing urban forests is on acquisition of non- tangible benefits. Sustainable urban forest management decisions focus on human safety, health, and psycho socio benefits and tree disturbance by engineering works. These benefits include social, aesthetic, environmental and economic benefits. With the tremendous growth of urban areas and a subsequent high population growth outside the urban areas, urban forestry forms a fundamental basis of human livelihood. Rapid urban growth poses a holy terror to both the ancient natural forests as well as the urban forests. Urbanization causes a latent risk of changes in the social systems and attitudes, with a notion of less environmental concern and consumption behavior. Unfortunately, local planning procedures fail to consider the impact of urbanization in regards to community development. This causes a challenge to the local management agencies and forestry

B2C Compared to B2B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

B2C Comp ared to B2B - Essay Example(2006c) By combining both the aspects, Internet and picture chain, we can define B2B as those portals that allow businesses to deal directly with their suppliers and distributors online, thereby allowing electronic transfer of orders, invoices, payments etc. Wholesalers, distributors, and manufacturing businesss fall in this category. (2006a) B2B websites serves as primary or direct link, which connect suppliers to suppliers or business-to-business while B2C websites are intermediary portals that link customers to suppliers as its main affect is selling to the end user. (2006a) From a solution-oriented perspective, a B2C site is just the end point of B2B and B2C supply chain. (2006c)Research suggests that that both the e-commerce and advertising expenditure numbers for B2B will grow faster than B2C in the coming years. Given the consensus about the importance of B2B e-commerce and advertising, it is surprising that B2C websites have received much more than their clear share of research attention in the Journal of Advertising Research as well as in other journals. (Chakraborty et al, 2003, p. 50) Distributors have not lagged behind in fulfilling the need of bridging the gap between manufacturer and end consumer. (2006b) This would be less of a concern if the advertising objectives and the sales processes were similar between B2B and B2C domains. But, numerous differences exist between these two domains. (Chakraborty et al, 2003, p. ... Security issues are centered on transmission and storage of transactional nurture by a website. As in the case of privacy, consumers experience a lack of control over the payment information provided to a website. Security issues are shared by the websites and consumers. This has led many websites to suffice the technical issues related to security. In spite of these measures, visitors may still perceive the website to be unsafe. Reduction in perceptions of security concerns affects web u sage. (Chakraborty et al, 2003, p. 50)B2C websites includes on-line trading, biddings, auctions, stock trading markets etc. Ebay and Amozon.com are one of the most prospering B2C integration these days. If we look at the causes of construct e-business integrations, it would be noticed that a primary reason for building such initiatives internally is that value chains are only as strong as their weakest link, devoting panoptic time, resources, and capital to B2B projects seldom yield substantial return on investment if internal systems are not integrated. Simply connecting applications on a point-to-point basis is not enough. Without a thoroughly integrated internal infrastructure, B2B initiatives are sure to provide little value in the best-case scenario, or no value in the worst. To richly achieve the kind of business process visibility required to gain true insight into the try and supply chain, companies must rise out of the fiefdoms of information and departmental approach es to conducting business. They need the ability to define enterprise business processes that can span across multiple systems and business partners that reside beyond the firewall. These processes are

Information Technolgy Management in a Company Essay

Information Technolgy focus in a Company - Essay ExampleManagement of information applied science in this company is done at three levels that include the executive level, the administrative level, and the supervisory level. The executive level includes board of directors and Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) who make decisions involving the technology to adopt consort to the companys demand. The administrative level involves staff who implements decisions from the executive level, and participate in using the adoptive technology to run the organization. The supervisory level involves technology experts and consultants who examine and analyze the entire information technology dodging to ensure it is in line with the organization needs, and operates efficiently (Burgess, 2002).Decisions regarding IT ripening emerge when the current system does not suffice the needs of the organization. This may lead to an overhaul of the current system or gain to ensure performance. This is deter mined through evaluation of the entire system to determine which area of the organization needs improvement in order to conform to the companys containments. Appropriate measures are communicated to the executive, which debates and decides on the scoop area to develop. This decision is effected by the administration, which implements the new technology in its current system (Burgess, 2002).A thorough evaluation of the current management system reveals areas of the company that need improvement. Advanced technological developments require improvement on these areas by adopting advanced technology to help in streamlining the under-performing areas according to the company requirements. Resources for distinct projects are allocated according to the companys needs. Under performing areas are allocated more funds for development projects to streamline them with other units to ensure uniform performance (Burgess, 2002).Technological advancements

Advantages and disadvantages of owning VS renting a home Essay

Advantages and disadvantages of owning VS renting a home - shew ExampleThe advantages and disadvantages discussed in this article will enable unity come up with viable determination as whether to purchase a house or rent.Let us begin with the advantages of owning a home. When wiz owns a home, that person is building equity. One must understand that the value of a house does not increase with time. On the contrary, its value decreases with time. However, when atomic number 53ness owns a home they cigaret contribute to their investment portfolio. As one clear a mortgage, he, or she builds up equity while the home value body constant (Williams, 23).Authorities that are responsible with collecting tax have established tax relaxation to those who have taken mortgage. The purpose of this reduction is to aid in offsetting ones loan. In addition to that as one chooses to pay fixed-mortgage, payment in interest and the initial principal remains constant as wide as the loan is outsta nding. Even though payment of taxes and insurance whitethorn vary with time, one may be able to use the house as an investment. Moreover, when one purchases a house and leaves it, it is not indolent since the same house can be rented to generate income. This is also one of the best alternatives one can use to repay mortgage. It is therefore advisable to choose a house that is attractable and that is rentable, that is if one top executive think of renting it in the near future.Another important benefit of owning a home is that it enables one settle and lives with the confederacy. Purchasing a home is a long-term investment. Once one has a home, he or she is committed to live with the surrounding people for a long time. As a result, one gets to understand the neighbors well and may get the opportunity to be involved in communal economical activities or even become a volunteer in a program that benefit the community for instance assisting in building of a school or public latrines among others. When one owns a home, he or

Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans presented at Essay

Compare and contrast the Virginia and rude(a) tee shirt plans presented at the Constitutional Convention - Essay interpreterequitable ratio of white and other free citizens of every age, sex and condition and 3/fifth of rest of the persons except Indians who do not pay taxes in each state. However New Jersey plan is more specific about confederacy and states about diminishing or increasing enumerate of states as well.According to Virginia Plan, the national legislature whitethorn have the power of legislation by confederation in all cases where individual states are incompetent or harmony of the country may be at stake. It may have the right to negate all laws that are passed by states found contravening to articles of Union. New Jersey Plan offers the same power in addition to the authority to promote commerce, impose charge and raise revenues in the states.According to both plans, executive may negate any legislation that may not be passed by 2/3rd of national legislature. Ex ecutive may have powers to bleed national laws to appoint to offices or impeach for certain reasons. New Jersey Plan states the same powers for executive in addition to directing military operations without taking any command over troops. examine both the plans, it is specifically found that New Jersey plan offers more power to the new federal official government because it focuses to revisit and enlarge articles of confederation and gives executive authority to direct military operations as

Diabetes Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diabetes Case Study - Essay workoutThe reduced wound healing time of the individual can be related to the production of granulocytes which beg glucose as their source of energy and as glucose as is not entering the cells energy is not macrocosm provided to the cells for the uptake of amino acids. Because of this proteins cannot be synthesized in the cells. All these f bearors stretch to reduced wound healing in the tissues. In polyuria the urinary output of a person is increased in diabetes, in polydipsia the person gets hungry(p) again and again and lastly polyphagia increases the appetite of the person (Lawal 2008 & Deshpande et al 2008).Diabetes mellitus is said to be working as a slow poison in the body and it can affect many processes in the body. It is famed that Diabetes Mellitus can further cause a huge damage to the different systems of the body. Neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular stroke and off-base vascular diseases are common diseases caused by the chronic processes of diabetes. In neuropathy the nerve cells of the body are disgraced because of which the autonomic nervous system is affected usually. In retinopathy the macular retina of an individual is destroyed and this can lead to blindness. In nephropathy it can be seen that diabetes causes an alteration in the structure of the kidneys. And this may also lead to kidney failures in the long term if not treated properly. It is also seen that diabetes is related to the blood pressures as it is a study cause of hypertension nowadays. Because of hypertension the individuals also tend to develop ischemic heart diseases which further lead to hypoxia in the heart muscles and thus cardiac failure or cardiac stroke may occur. marginal Vascular Disease is another major disease caused by diabetes in the body. Diabetes can directly act on the blood vessels and narrow them. The most affected blood vessels by diabetes are the ones leading to the stomach, legs, weapons and kidneys.

Hair-hashish thesis and analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

haircloth-hashish thesis and analysis - Assignment ExampleThe lyrics demonstrate the perception held by people on drug subprogram and scene as well as the counter dissociative culture in the sixties.In the claim, Hair Cast talks about drug use among the generation and addresses the revolution. The drug problem has been intensively intercommunicate as a proliferation in the community of all mood altering, illicit and physically dangerous drugs. The drugs besides lead to problems such as crime, threat of crime, disease, violence, loss of productivity, growing number of users in welfare of the public, overcrowd of the penal institutions, congestion of court system, diversion of tax from productive areas, erosion of our civil rights, and corruption of law of nature enforcement agencies. Hair Cast in Hashish song, addresses the theme of drug scene through the aspects involved such as remorseful mood and depressed tone featured in the lyrics.In summary, this research reputation w ill be carried out through listening to the song and researching two other sources which will be cited properly in the paper. The paper will consider addressing the themes of the song in detail and illustrate how the aspects of the song such as tone and lyrics represent the mentioned

Aristophanes Account of Love in Platos Symposium Essay Example for Free

Aristophanes Account of Love in Platos Symposium EssayPlatos Symposium contains several intriguing accounts of the disposition of love. Describe in detail either the account of love offered by Aristophanes or Socrates/Diotima. What arguments could be give for thinking that this is the correct conception of love? DO you find this account compelling? Be certain to explain you reasons for taking the position that you do. The Symposium, written by Plato, is an account of the different speeches given during a dinner party party. Each speech given is by a different person and severally speech is the speaker systems own theory on love. An intriguing speech given is the one by Aristophanes, the comedian. In Aristophanes speech he starts out by saying that he has a thought of plan for how homo might have come to be the way they be now. His speech is based completely on a madeup fancy that he came up with. He describes the natural track of humans as devil technically connected hu mans that together form a perfect sphere. The humans in this form had three genders. The genders were either made up of male-male, male-female, or female-female.The male-male gender was superior, as coinciding with this time, and was the offspring of the temperateness the cheer often referred to as a god. The androgynous gender, or male-female, was the offspring of the moon. The moon shares both the sun and the earth. The female-female then were offspring of the earth. The earth was not highly thought of, just being where humans lived and so quite used and abused 190b. These humans all made an attempt to attack the gods which then caused the gods to pullulate retaliatory action back.The gods decided that the human race could not be wiped out completely because that would bear off the worship and sacrifices the gods receive. Zeus, instead, decided to cut the beings in two 190d. Now, since their natural form had been cut in two each one longed for its own other half 191b. This i s where Aristophanes theory on love comes to. He believed each person has another half, or soul mate, they are in search of. Love is born into each human being 191d it calls back the halves of our original nature together. Aristophanes suggests that one is in never-ending search of their other half that tallyes, then once found the bank they had felt because of having been separated is now healed. The two are struck from their sensesdont want to be separated from one another, not even for a moment 192c. In one way I find Aristophanes argument correct. People do await to be in constant search for whom they want, or sometimes feel they are meant to be with. It is truly interesting, however, that Aristophanes relates ones longing and desire as a form of punishment.In the tory the longing and desire came as a punishment from the gods the only cure for this was when the two halves were reunited. Aristophanes makes it clear two halves are meant to be together but he also contradicts his own statement, whenever one of the halves died and one was left, the one that was left cool it sought another and wove itself together with that191b-191c. If two halves have a certain match that they are ever in constant search of, and are meant to be with, wouldnt it only make sense that there would then not be another being that one could simply find and then fluctuate itself with.As I previously stated, I agree with Aristophanes in one way. I think that the idea of two people being meant to be together is plausible. People are always in constant search for a soul mate. Not necessarily the one per say, but a person they merchant ship spend the rest of their life with. There are billions of people in the world are I think it is very possible to have multiple compatible people who can fall in love. Thus, I agree more with Aristophanes own contradiction of himself there are multiple people who match up together and get woven together in the right way.

Literature Cape Essay Example for Free

Literature Cape Essay some a(prenominal) critics attempt to show how the entomb relate to the different parts, and/or different pillowcases of the pretend. This story explores a cariety of themes and issues, however disguise, deceit, celebration and festivity ar the major, more than vainglorious whizzs. Although the mulct is a silly tactical existenceeuver said by Samuel Pepys, who saw the play on three occasions, many critics feel the plays use of language used to misguide and the failure of characters to communicate appropriately and effectively and lawfulnessfully, disturbede it confusing. The twelfth night (January 6th) is actu in wholey the Epiphany.During the Epiphany noble househ senescents sponsored many performances of plays, masques, banquets and word forms of activities. This story opens up to a man, Curio dressing for the plans of that nighttime. While dressing, he confesses how he feels towards a muliebrityhood named Olivia. Olivia, a well- to-do woman, wants little Analysis of Major Characters genus genus genus genus genus Viola Like most of Shakespe bes heroines, Viola is a awesomely likable figure. She has no serious faults, and we deal easily discount the peculiarity of her end to dress as a man, since it sets the entire plot in motion. She is the character whose hunch over tallyms the purest.The otherwise characters passions atomic number 18 fickle Orsino jumps from Olivia to Viola, Olivia jumps from Viola to Sebastian, and Sir toby and female horses marriage seems more a matter of conceit than an expression of deep and abiding passion. Only Viola seems to be truly, passionately in passionateness as opposed to being self-indulgently lovesick. As she says to Orsino, describing herself and her love for him She pined in thought, And pleasantryh a green and yellow melancholy She sit similar patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was non this love indeed? (II. iv. 111114) The audience, like Orsino, co rporation only answer with an emphatic yes.Violas chief problem throughout the play is unitary of identity. Because of her disguise, she must be some(prenominal) herself and Cesario. This mounting identity crisis culminates in the final scene, when Viola finds herself touch by tribe who each have a different idea of who she is and are unaware of who she actually is. Were Twelfth Night not a adddy, this pressure might cause Viola to break d sustain. Sebastians appearance at this point, however, effectively saves Viola by allowing her to be herself again. Sebastian, who independent of his sister is not ofttimes of a character, takes over the aspects f Violas disguise that she no longer wishes to importanttain. Thus emancipate by her brother, Viola is free to shed the roles that she has accumulated throughout the play, and she plenty return to being Viola, the woman who has loved and won Orsino. Orsino and Olivia Orsino and Olivia are worth discussing together, because they h ave similar personalities. Both claim to be knock about by strong emotions, plainly both ultimately seem to be self-indulgent individuals who enjoy melodrama and self-involvement more than anything. When we introductory meet them, Orsino is pining a steering for love of Olivia, while Olivia pines a management for her dead brother.They show no interest in relating to the outside world, preferring to lock themselves up with their sorrows and mope around their homes. Violas stretch begins to break both characters out of their self-involved s sins, but neither undergoes a clear-cut change. Orsino relates to Viola in a way that he never has to Olivia, diminishing his self-involvement and making him more likable. Yet he persists in his belief that he is in love with Olivia until the final scene, in spite of the fact that he never once speaks to her during the course of the play. Olivia, meanwhile, sets aside her grief when Viola (disguised as Cesario) comes to see her. barely Olivia t akes up her own fantasy of lovesickness, in which she pines away(p)with a self-indulgence that mirrors Orsinosfor a man who is really a woman. Ultimately, Orsino and Olivia seem to be out of touch with real emotion, as demonstrated by the ease with which they lurch their affections in the final sceneOrsino from Olivia to Viola, and Olivia from Cesario to Sebastian. The similarity between Orsino and Olivia does not diminish with the end of the play, since the audience realizes that by marrying Viola and Sebastian, respectively, Orsino and Olivia are essentially marrying fe masculine and male versions of the same person.Malvolio Malvolio initially seems to be a shaver character, and his humiliation seems little more than an amusing subplot to the Viola-Olivia-Orsino- love triangle. But he works more intere burn off as the play progresses, and most critics have judged him one of the most complex and fascinating characters in Twelfth Night. When we first meet Malvolio, he seems to b e a simple typea puritan, a stiff and proper servant who likes nothing better than to spoil other peoples fun. It is this dour, fun-despising side that earns him the enmity of the zany, bibulous Sir toby jug and the clever Maria, who together engineer his downfall.But they do so by playing on a side of Malvolio that might have otherwise remained hiddenhis self-regard and his remarkable ambitions, which extend to marrying Olivia and beclimax, as he puts it, Count Malvolio (II. v. 30). When he finds the forged letter from Olivia (actually penned by Maria) that seems to offer hope to his ambitions, Malvolio undergoes his first re impertinentalfrom a stiff and wooden embodiment of priggish propriety into an personification of the power of selfdelusion.He is imbecile in these scenes, as he capers around in the yellow stockings and crossed garters that he weighs will enliven Olivia, but he also becomes pitiable. He whitethorn deserve his come-uppance, but there is an uncomfortable u niversality to his experience. Malvolios misfortune is a cautionary tale of ambition overcoming good sense, and the audience winces at the way he adapts every heretoforetincluding Olivias confused assumption that he must be madto fit his rosy picture of his glorious future as a overlord.Earlier, he embodies stiff joy slightness direct he is rejoicing, but in pursuit of a dream that everyone, except him, knows is false. Our pity for Malvolio only increases when the vengeful Maria and toby fillpot jug confine him to a di aromaed room in Act IV. As he desperately protests that he is not mad, Malvolio begins to seem more of a victim than a victimizer. It is as if the wretched steward, as the embodiment of order and sobriety, must be sacrificed so that the rest of the characters can indulge in the hearty spirit that suffuses Twelfth Night.As he is sacrificed, Malvolio begins to earn our respect. It is too much to call him a tragic figure, however later all, he is only being asked to endure a single night in darkness, hardly a fate comparable to the sufferings of King Lear or Hamlet. But there is a kind of nobility, however limited, in the way that the deluded steward stubbornly clings to his sanity, even in the face of Festes insistence that he is mad. Malvolio remains true to himself, despite everything he knows that he is sane, and he will not allow anything to destroy this knowledge.Malvolio (and the audience) must be content with this self-knowledge, because the play allows Malvolio no real recompense for his sufferings. At the close of the play, he is brought out of the darkness into a celebration in which he has no part, and where no one seems willing to offer him a real apology. Ill be revenged on the whole learn of you, he snarls, stalking out of the festivities (V. i. 365). His exit strikes a jarring note in an otherwise joyful comedy. Malvolio has no real place in the anarchic world of Twelfth Night, except to suggest that, even in the best of wor lds, someone must suffer while everyone else is happy.I n the kingdom of Illyria, a nobleman named Orsino lies around listening to music, pining away for the love of lady Olivia. He cannot have her because she is in mourning for her dead brother and refuses to entertain any proposals of marriage. Meanwhile, off the coast, a storm has caused a implike shipwreck. A young, aristocratic-born woman named Viola is swept onto the Illyrian shore. Finding herself alone in a strange land, she assumes that her touch brother, Sebastian, has been drowned in the wreck, and tries to figure out what manner of work she can do.A friendly sea police captain tells her about Orsinos courtship of Olivia, and Viola says that she wishes she could go to work in Olivias home. But since Lady Olivia refuses to talk with any strangers, Viola decides that she cannot look for work with her. Instead, she decides to disguise herself as a man, taking on the name of Cesario, and goes to work in the household of Duke Orsino. Viola (disguised as Cesario) quickly becomes a favorite of Orsino, who makes Cesario his page. Viola finds herself falling in love with Orsinoa difficult love to pursue, as Orsino believes her to be a man.But when Orsino sends Cesario to deliver Orsinos love messages to the disdainful Olivia, Olivia herself move for the beautiful young Cesario, believing her to be a man. The love triangle is complete Viola loves Orsino, Orsino loves Olivia, and Olivia loves Cesarioand everyone is miserable. Meanwhile, we meet the other members of Olivias household her rowdy drunkard of an uncle, Sir Toby his rallyish friend, Sir Andrew Aguecheek, who is trying in his hopeless way to court Olivia Olivias witty and exquisite waiting-gentlewoman, Maria Feste, the clever clown of the house and Malvolio, the dour, prudish steward of Olivias household.When Sir Toby and the others take hatred at Malvolios constant efforts to spoil their fun, Maria engineers a practical joke to make Malvol io think that Olivia is in love with him. She forges a letter, manticly from Olivia, addressed to her beloved (whose name is signified by the earn M. O. A. I. ), telling him that if he wants to earn her favor, he should dress in yellow stockings and crossed garters, act haughtily, grinning constantly, and refuse to explain himself to anyone. Malvolio finds the letter, assumes that it is addressed to him, and, filled with dreams of marrying Olivia and becoming noble himself, happily follows its commands.He behaves so curiously that Olivia comes to think that he is mad. Meanwhile, Sebastian, who is still alive after all but believes his sister Viola to be dead, arrives in Illyria along with his friend and protector, Antonio. Antonio has cared for Sebastian since the shipwreck and is passionately (and perhaps sexually) attached to the young manso much so that he follows him to Orsinos domain, in spite of the fact that he and Orsino are old enemies. Sir Andrew, observing Olivias at traction to Cesario (still Viola in disguise), challenges Cesario to a duel.Sir Toby, who sees the prospective duel as companionableise fun, eggs Sir Andrew on. However, when Sebastianwho looks expert like the disguised Violaappears on the scene, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby end up coming to blows with Sebastian, thinking that he is Cesario. Olivia enters amid the confusion. Encountering Sebastian and thinking that he is Cesario, she asks him to marry her. He is baffled, since he has never seen her before. He sees, however, that she is moneyed and beautiful, and he is therefore more than willing to go along with her.Meanwhile, Antonio has been arrested by Orsinos officers and now begs Cesario for help, identify him for Sebastian. Viola denies knowing Antonio, and Antonio is dragged off, crying out that Sebastian has betrayed him. Suddenly, Viola has newfound hope that her brother may be alive. Malvolios supposed madness has allowed the gleeful Maria, Toby, and the rest to lock Malvo lio into a small, dark room for his treatment, and they pain him at will. Feste dresses up as Sir Topas, a priest, and pretends to examine Malvolio, declaring him definitely insane in spite of his protests.However, Sir Toby begins to think better of the joke, and they allow Malvolio to send a letter to Olivia, in which he asks to be released. Eventually, Viola (still disguised as Cesario) and Orsino make their way to Olivias house, where Olivia welcomes Cesario as her new husband, thinking him to be Sebastian, whom she has just married. Orsino is furious, but then Sebastian himself appears on the scene, and all is revealed. The siblings are joyfully reunited, and Orsino realizes that he loves Viola, now that he knows she is a woman, and asks her to marry him. We discover that Sir Toby and Maria have also been married privately.Finally, someone remembers Malvolio and lets him out of the dark room. The trick is revealed in full, and the embittered Malvolio storms off, leaving the hap py couples to their celebration. Themes, Motifs amp Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literarywork. Love as a Cause of Suffering Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the plays main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain.Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a judgment that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, sort of, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an appetite that he wants to satisfy and cannot (I. i. 13) at another point, he calls his desires fell and cruel hounds (I. i. 21). Olivia more bluntlydescribes love as a plague from which she suffers terribly(I. v. 265). These metaphors break an element of violence, further painting the love-struck as victims of some random force in the universe.Even the less melodramatic Viola sighs unhappily that My state is desperate for my masters love (II. ii. 35). This desperation has the potential drop to result in violenceas in Act V, scene i, when Orsino threatens to kill Cesario because he thinks that -Cesario has forsaken him to become Olivias lover. Love is also exclusionary some people achieve romantic happiness, while others do not. At the end of the play, as the happy lovers rejoice, both Malvolio and Antonio are prevented from having the objects of their desire.Malvolio, who has pursued Olivia, must ultimately face the acknowledgment that he is a bulls eye, socially unworthy of his noble mistress. Antonio is in a more difficult situation, as social norms do not allow for the gratification of his apparently sexual attraction to Sebastian. Love, thus, cannot conquer all obstacles, and those whose desires go unfulfilled remain no less in love but feel the sting of its absence all the more severely. The Uncertainty of Gender Gender is one of the most obvious and much-discussed topics in the play.Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares so-called transvestite comedies, in which a female characterin this case, Violadisguises herself as a man. This situation creates a sexual mess Viola locomote in love with Orsino but cannot tell him, because he thinks she is a man, while Olivia, the object of Orsinos affection, falls for Viola in her guise as Cesario. There is a clear homoerotic subtext here Olivia is in love with a woman, even if she thinks he is a man, and Orsino often remarks on Cesarios beauty, suggesting that he is attracted to Viola even before her male disguise is removed.This latent homoeroticism finds an explicit echo in the diminished character of Antonio, who is clearly in love with his male friend, Sebastian. But Antonios desires cannot be satisfied, while Orsino and Olivia both find tidy heterosexual gratification once the sexual a mbiguities and deceptions are straightened out. Yet, even at the plays close, Shakespeare leaves things somewhat murky, especially in the Orsino-Viola relationship. Orsinos declaration of love to Viola suggests that he enjoys prolonging the model of Violas masculinity.Even after he knows that Viola is a woman, Orsino says to her, Boy, thou hast said to me a thousand times / Thou never shouldst love woman like to me (V. i. 260261). Similarly, in his last lines, Orsino declares, Cesario, come / For so you shall be while you are a man / But when in other habits you are seen, / Orsinos mistress, and his fancys queen (V. i. 372375). Even once everything is revealed, Orsino continues to address Viola by her male name. We can thus only wonder whether Orsino is truly in love with Viola, or if he is more enamoured of her male persona. The Folly of AmbitionThe problem of social ambition works itself out largely through the character of Malvolio, the steward, who seems to be a competent serva nt, if prudish and dour, but proves to be, in fact, a supreme egotist, with tremendous ambitions to rise out of his social class. Maria plays on these ambitions when she forges a letter from Olivia that makes Malvolio believe that Olivia is in love with him and wishes to marry him. Sir Toby and the others find this fantasy hysterically funny, of coursenot only because of Malvolios untempting personality but also because Malvolio is not of noble blood.In the class system of Shakespeares time, a noblewoman would generally not sully her reputation by marrying a man of lower social status. Yet the atmospheric state of the play may render Malvolios aspirations less unreasonable than they initially seem. The cattle farm of Twelfth Night, from which the play takes its name, was a time when social hierarchies were turned upside down. That same spirit is alive in Illyria indeed, Malvolios antagonist, Maria, is able to increase her social standing by marrying Sir Toby. But it seems that Mar ias success may be due to her willingness to accept and promote the anarchy that Sir Toby and the others embrace.This Twelfth Night spirit, then, seems to pass by Malvolio, who doesnt wholeheartedly embrace the upending of order and decorum but quite an wants to blur class lines for himself alone. Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary de iniquitys that can help to develop and allege the texts major themes. Letters, Messages, and Tokens Twelfth Night features a great variety of messages sent from one character to anothersometimes as letters and other times in the form of tokens. such(prenominal) messages are used both for purposes of conversation and miscommunicationsometimes deliberate and sometimes accidental.Marias letter to Malvolio, which purports to be from Olivia, is a deliberate (and successful) attempt to trick the steward. Sir Andrews letter demanding a duel with Cesario, meanwhile, is meant seriously, but because it is so appallingly stupid, Sir Toby does not deliver it, rendering it extraneous. Malvolios missive, sent by way of Feste from the dark room in which he is imprisoned, ultimately works to undo the confusion caused by Marias forged letter and to free Malvolio from his imprisonment. But letters are not the only kind of messages that characters employ to communicate with one another.Individuals can be employed in the place of written communicationOrsino repeatedly sends Cesario, for instance, to deliver messages to Olivia. Objects can function as messages between people as well Olivia sends Malvolio after Cesario with a ring, to tell the page that she loves him, and follows the ring up with further gifts, which symbolize her romantic attachment. Messages can dumbfound important information, but they also create the potential for miscommunication and confusionespecially with characters like Maria and Sir Toby manipulating the information. MadnessNo one is truly insane in Twelfth Night, yet a do of characters are a ccused of being mad, and a current of insanity or zaniness runs through the action of the play. subsequently Sir Toby and Maria dupe Malvolio into believing that Olivia loves him, Malvolio behaves so bizarrely that he is assumed to be mad and is locked away in a dark room. Malvolio himself knows that he is sane, and he accuses everyone around him of being mad. Meanwhile, when Antonio encounters Viola (disguised as Cesario), he mistakes her for Sebastian, and his angry insistence that she recognize him leads people to assume that he is mad.All of these incidents feed into the general atmosphere of the play, in which normal life is thrown topsy-turvy, and everyone must confront a reality that is somehow fractured. Disguises Many characters in Twelfth Night assume disguises, beginning with Viola, who puts on male attire and makes everyone else believe that she is a man. By dressing his protagonist in male garments, Shakespeare creates endless sexual confusion with the Olivia-ViolaOrsi no love triangle. otherwise characters in disguise include Malvolio, who puts on crossed garters and yellow stockings in the hope of winning Olivia, and Feste, who dresses up as a priestSir Topaswhen he speaks to Malvolio after the steward has been locked in a dark room. Feste puts on the disguise even though Malvolio will not be able to see him, since the room is so dark, suggesting that the importance of clothing is not just in the eye of the beholder. For Feste, the disguise completes his assumption of a new identityin order to be Sir Topas, he must look like Sir Topas.Viola puts on new clothes and changes her gender, while Feste and Malvolio put on new garments either to impersonate a nobleman (Feste) or in the hopes of becoming a nobleman (Malvolio). Through these disguises, the play raises questions about what makes us who we are, cause the audience to wonder if things like gender and class are set in stone, or if they can be altered with a change of clothing. Mistaken Identi ty The instances of mistaken identity are colligate to the prevalence of disguises in the play, as Violas male clothing leads to her being mistaken for her brother, Sebastian, and vice versa.Sebastian is mistaken for Viola (or rather, Cesario) by Sir Toby and Sir Andrew, and then by Olivia, who promptly marries him. Meanwhile, Antonio mistakes Viola for Sebastian, and thinks that his friend has betrayed him when Viola claims to not know him. These cases of mistaken identity, common in Shakespeares comedies, create the tangled situation that can be resolved only when Viola and Sebastian appear together, helping everyone to understand what has happened. Symbols Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colourise used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Olivias GiftsWhen Olivia wants to let Cesario know that she loves him, she sends him a ring by way of Malvolio. Later, when she mistakes Sebastian for Cesario, she gives him a precious pearl. In each case, the jewel serves as a token of her lovea physical symbol of her romantic attachment to a man who is really a woman. The gifts are more than symbols, though. Youth is bought more oft than begged or borrowed, Olivia says at one point, suggesting that the jewels are intended nearly as bribesthat she means to buy Cesarios love if she cannot win it (III. iv. 3). The Darkness of Malvolios PrisonWhen Sir Toby and Maria pretend that Malvolio is mad, they confine him in a pitch-black chamber. Darkness becomes a symbol of his supposed insanity, as they tell him that the room is filled with light and his inability to see is a sign of his madness. Malvolio reverses the symbolism. I say this house is as dark as ignorance, though ignorance were as dark as hell and I say there was never man thus abused (IV. ii. 4042). In other words, the darknessmeaning madnessis not in the room with him, but outside, with Sir Toby and Feste and Maria, who have unjustly imprisoned him. Changes of ClothingClothes are powerful in Twel fth Night. They can symbolize changes in genderViola puts on male clothes to be taken for a male as well as class distinctions. When Malvolio fantasizes about becoming a nobleman, he imagines the new clothes that he will have. When Feste impersonates Sir Topas, he puts on a noblemans garb, even though Malvolio, whom he is fooling, cannot see him, suggesting that clothes have a power that transcends their physical function. Twelfth Night Analysis of Fools A fool can be defined in many meanings according to the Oxford English Dictionary On diachronic Principles.The word could mean a silly person, or one who professionally counterfeits folly for the entertainment of others, a jester, clown or one who has little or no reason or intellect or one who is made to appear to be a fool (word originated from North Frisian). In english literature, the two main ways which the fool could enter imaginative literature is that He could provide a topic, a theme for mediation, or he could turn into a stock character on the stage, a conventionalized comic figure. In William Shakespeares comedy, Twelfth Night, Feste the clown is not the only fool who is subject to foolery.He and many other characters combine their silly acts and wits to invade other characters that evade reality or rather realize a dream, while our sympathies go out to those. It is natural that the fool should be a prominent amp attractive figure and make an important contribution to the action in forming the confusion and the temper in an Elizabethan drama. In Twelfth Night, the clown and the fools are the ones who combine humor amp wit to make the comedy work. Clowns, jesters, and Buffoons are usually regarded as fools. Their differences could be of how they dress, act or portrayed in society.A clown for example, was understood to be a country bumpkin or cloun. In Elizabethan usage, the word clown is ambiguous meaning both countryman and principal comedian. Another meaning tending(p) to it in the 1600 is a f ool or jester. As for a buffoon, it is defined as a man whose profession is to make low jests and antics postures a clown, jester, fool. The buffoon is a fool because although he exploits his own weaknesses instead of being exploited by others. he resembles other comic fools. This is similar to the definition of a soft touch who is also known as a buffoon, or a merry andrew.One maintained in a princes court or noblemans household. As you can see, the buffoon, jester and the clown are all picture as fools and are related amp tied to each other in some sort of way. They relatively have the same objectives in their roles but in appearance wise (clothes, physical features) they may be different. In Shakespeares Twelfth Night, Festes role in this Illyrian comedy is significant because Illyria is a country permeated with the spirit of the Feast of Fools, where identities are confused, uncivil rule applauded and no harm is done. In Illyria therefore the fool is not so much a critic of hi s environment as a ringleader, a merry-companion, a master copy of Misrule. Being equally welcome above and below stairs.. makes Feste significant as a character. In Twelfth Night, Feste plays the role of a humble clown employed by Olivias father playing the licensed fool of their household. We learn this in Olivias statement stating that Feste is an allowed fool(I. v. 93) meaning he is licensed, privileged critic to speak the truth of the people around him. We also learn in a statement by Curio to the Duke that Feste is employed by Olivias father. Feste the jester a fool that the Lady Olivias father took much pleasure in(II. iv. 11). Feste is more of the comic truth of the comedy. Although he does not make any profound remarks, he seems to be the wisest person within all the characters in the comedy. Viola remarks this by saying This fellows wise enough to play the fool(III. i. 61). Since Feste is a licensed fool, his main role in Twelfth Night is to speak the truth. This is wher e the humor lies, his truthfulness. In one example he proves Olivia to be a true fool by asking her what she was mourning about. The point

Chemical kinetics is the investigation Essay Example for Free

Chemical kinetics is the investigation EssayThe evaluate at which chemical re actuateions occur, it is very important as it enables the exploration of answer mechanism. Even the simplest chemical may consist of a complex sequence of events. Thus, it is customary practice to simplify matters by devising try out in which, effectively, the concentration of one species only is changing. In this experiment, reactants of different volumes argon given, ace stored in KI(aq) source is first meld with given volume of sulphuric acid, acetone and distilled water into a flask. Students are to be worked in pairs. Our group carried out experiment 2 (20cm3 of Acetone) and only experiment 1, 2 and 3 were underwent in our class. Group(Experiment) 1 The flask of mixture is placed in a thermostat. At a fix period interval, portions of mixture are added to a flask containing NaHCO3 etymon.Since iodine reacted with acetone to give I- ions, the solution is then tit grazed against atomic num ber 11 thiosulphate solution, the amount of iodine molecules tarryed after reaction with acetone are reacted with sodium thiosulphate to give I- ions. At a fixed time interval, the procedure is repeated, thus the reaction rate can be determined by monitoring the volume of titre in separately titration. In the experiment, the NaHCO3 is used as a defunctness material to quench the reaction of iodine with acetone. CH3COCH3 + I2 CH3COCH2I + H+ +I- I2 (aq) + 2S2O32- (aq) 2I- (aq) + S4O62- (aq).Requirements0. 02M I2 dissolved in aqueous KI solution 1. 0M acetone dissolved in water 1. 0M sulphuric acid 0. 5M sodium bicarbonate solution very dilute sodium thiosulphate 25 cm3 pipette 10 cm3 pipette At least 5 clean, ironical conical flasks Water trough Burette Measuring cylinder 100cm3 beakers Procedures ( for pair 2) 25. 0cm3 of sulphuric acid and 20. 0 cm3 of acetone solution were mixed together with 5. 0 cm3 of distilled water into a clean by employ 25cm3 pipette and 10 cm3 pipett e, dry conical flask, labeled flask B.The flask was stoppered and placed in a thermostat at 25? (water bath). 50.0 cm3 of iodine in KI solution was added in some other clean, dry conical flask by using a 25cm3 pipette, labeled flask B. The burette was make full with sodium thiosulphate solution. 10 cm3 portions of the NaHCO3 solution was added into each of three conical flask. The subject matters of flasks A and B were mixed thoroughly and a stopclock was started at once. The flask containing the reaction mixture was reclamped in the thermostat. The temperature of the mixture was checked carefully, and after about 5 minutes, 10 cm3 of the reaction mixture was pipetted into one of the flask containing the NaHCO3 solution, time at which the act was done was noted.The contents of the flask were mixed thoroughly and the mixture was then titrated against sodium thiosulphate solution. When the mixture was almost intensityless, two or three push asides of a fresh starch solution were added and then the titration was continues until one drop of the sodium thiosulphate solution discharged the blue starch iodine complex colour. After about 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes, further 10 cm3 portions of the reaction mixture were withdrew from the thermostat and the above procedure was carried out each time. All times and titration data were recorded. Data and Analysis represent2 ( please refer to the graph composing attached) The delay below shows the volume of sodium thiosulphate solution used against time. ( data for graph 1) Time started/ min 600 1230 1800 2100 2400 2700 Final reading/ cm3 39. 55 29. 50 43. 90 28. 95 42. 65 32. 60 Initial reading/ cm3 23. 15 14. 20 29. 50 14. 75 28. 95 19. 70 Titre/cm3 16. 40 15. 30 14. 40 14. 20 13. 70 12. 90 Temperature readings remain constant during the experiment 22. 5?. Analysis From the table, it was noticed that the amount of sodium thiosulphate solution used is straightway proportional to the concentration of the remaining io dine.The slope of graph 1 equals to the negative value of the rate of reaction, it implies that iodine concentration drops at a uniform rate. Therefore, rate of change of the iodine concentration is independent of iodine concentration. The reaction of iodine with acetone is zero order with respect to I2. Graph2 ( please refer to the graph paper attached) By combining the results of Group 1, 2 and 3 class results are obtained. The data is used to plot Graph II rate of reaction against the volume of acetone added.Volume of acetone/ cm3 25. 0 20. 0 15. 0 Analysis Data marked with ( ) are abandoned because of its great deviation form the estimated value. With the rate of reaction increases with increasing volume of acetone together with a straight line passing done origin, the reaction of iodine with acetone is in first order with respect to acetone. Volume of mixture unexpended = 47 cm3 Observations Iodine solution was carmine brown in color while the other reactants are colourless .Gaseous bubbles were evolved when the reaction mixture is mixed with NaHCO3.due to formation of carbon dioxide gas. 2NaHCO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) During the titration process, the colour of the mixture containing iodine changed from reddish brown to straw yellow gradually. Once the mixture reached the straw yellow colour, 2-3 drops of starch solution were added into the mixture. The colour turned to dark blue, the solution became colourless after several more drops of sodium thiosulphate were added. Precautions For mixing the content of flasks A and B, the solution should be transferred alternately between two flasks for 2 3 times.The solution is to swirled piano to allow the content inside to mix byly. Conclusion For a straight line passing through origin obtained in Graph II and a linear decreasing graph is in Graph I, the reaction of iodine with acetone was to be found in first order with respect to acetone and zero order with respect to I2. Discussi on The experiment cannot be conducted with more than one variable amounts reactions. For reaction more than one reactant, only the concentration of the reactant under investigated (acetone) changes, and the other reactants remain unchanged.

Australia Essay Example for Free

Australia EssayThe downturn in the international financial crisis has intensify Australias tourism application. Relevant departments latterly predicted that Australia will be reduced by inbound tourers this year, more than 4% the past 20 years Australian tourism industry is facing the most severe blow.Australian Bureau of Statistics data released ,2007-2008 Australian tourism contribution to gross municipal product was 3.6%, while this residual was 4.7% previously. Therefore, the tourism industry downturn will inevitably affect Australias rescue as a whole.The largest starting time of tourism is the lack of trouble. Australian touristry and Transport Forum executive director thinking recently pointed out that the traditional descent countries as Australia and the tourism industry of the United States, Britain, Japan and South Korea economy continues to decline, resulting in significantly reduced visitors to Australia, the situation in the future may continue to deterio rate. According to relevant departments of Australia forecasts, in addition to visitors from New Zealand will increase in times of adversity, the next six months, tourists from new(prenominal) countries will be the fig of tourists fell by double-digit rates.Australias tourism industry suffered a downturn has begun to air to the related industries. According to statistics, about 48.3 million people in the Australian tourism practitioners, but this number is shrinking. So far, Australias hotels, motels, apartments and other services have been cut more than 3,000 jobs, 63% of the Australian main tourist services may be further layoffs.Solidarity of the aviation industry and tourism will natur eachy be immune. Australia and Australia Airlines 14 announced, as expected full-year profit will be significantly lower than previously expected, the high society will cut as many as 1,750 jobs.Qantas also said the same day, has been postponed to buy 4 Airbus A380 and 12 other aircraft. Qanta s chief executive Alan Joyce said Qantas no choice, only to make large adjustments to project that the company weather the storm. He also said that if economic circumstances continue to deteriorate, the company may be further layoffs.Some economists believe that Qantas job cuts and other measures related businesses will have a blackball impact on the Australian economy. However, Australian Treasurer Huaiensiwang said the Australian governments economic stimulus broadcast is to gradually play a buffer role.Immediate challenge for the Australian Tourism Export Council steer that the Australian tourism industry has experienced many times before the fight, but later achieved a rapid recovery. He said he believed a rainbow after the storm.Australias tourism resources are very rich, exotic natural beauty, the unique ecological environment, cultural diversity and contrast the developed economy is the basic condition for the rapid development of tourism. (A) of the inbound tourism1968 Australia received only 24 million foreign tourists, 81 million U.S. dollars, tourism foreign alter earnings. Into the 90s, the Australian economy each year for the tourism industry to bring the output value of more than 200 million Australian dollars, worth of 80 cardinal Australian dollars. Number of Foreign Tourists in 1996 reached 416.? 50000 visits, tourism, foreign trade 87. 0.3 billion U.S. dollars, tourism foreign exchange earnings has more than wool, coal, iron ore and wheat, and other traditional export products, became the countrys fastest growing, most foreign exchange industry.According to the World Tourism Organization, Australia in 1998 a world where international tourism receipts, international tourists all over the continents of the world, Japan has become the largest source country of Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Britain and continental Europe, its traditional source markets. In recent years, tourists from China and Koreas rapid growth. Purpose of travel to the main tourist resort, followed by tour friends and relatives and business travel. (B) Outbound TourismAustralias rapid economic development after World War II one of the countries? Per capita GDP in 1997 to $ 20,540 of the world high-income areas. 1990 Australian tourists going abroad for the first time skint the 200 million people in 1996 to 273.2 million overseas tourist arrivals. According to the World Tourism Organization, Australia study tour in 1991, the natural expenditure reached 38. 800 million U.S. dollars, foreign travel destination ranks no 1 in Asia, especially Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, the Philippines and mainland China and other areas, and this is Oceania, Europe and North America also followed suit. (C) of the domestic tourismTourism has become Australias an important part of peoples lives, the domestic tourists in 1990 reached 58.446 million people, equivalent to the total population of more than 3 times, entertaining vacatio n spot. According to statistics, vacation and pleasure trips accounted for 42%, 29% visiting friends, meeting business accounted for 15% the main way to travel with their drive to account for 3 / 4, the time spent traveling an average of 4.? 6 days. In the summer in Australia in January this year, all Christmas, New Year, but also a time when the school summer holidays, the Friends have brought people to his family or vacation, the formation of the annual peak travel. 7-8 two months in winter, is the low seasonIn the economic crisis environment, understood won the Australian Hotels recognized international tourists. According to the Global Online Travel Group the data presented, in that location are more this year than last year, Australias most popular hotel into the Global 1000 list of hotels. The leash consecutive year, Expedia Insiders Select List will be in Adelaide Majestic Roof Garden Hotel named trump out hotel in Australia, and the 24th highest in the world.

Bronchodilator Essay Example for Free

Bronchodilator EssayBy definition, a bronchodilator is a drug purposed for the treatment of chronic breathing complications such as emphysema, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder also known as COPD. Bronchodilators ar used to reverse the effect of obstructed duck soupways playing as decompressor and mucus rem overs that cause breathing complications. There is short term or short performing bronchodilators that act as rescue medications (Webmd. com). These rescue medications are used in more emergency instances as with asthma. Long-acting bronchodilators are used for the maintance of such diseases as COPD which is more chronic. Each bronchodilator type opens bronchial tubes so that air can move through. And help clear mucus from lungs (webmd. com). Bronchodilators such as uniphyl and Phyllocontin arise in the form of a pill or tablet and are a sustained issue formulation of another drug called theophylline which opens constricted lung passages. These are mo re long term treatments. bunco term or more frequent usage as with advair, symbicort, serevent, Foradil, are inhaled and last between 2 and four hours while long term tablets use lasts upwards of 12 hours.Although bronchodilators provide control over congested airways, they also act as stimulants and have an array of side effects. These side effects hold nervousness, hyperactivity, heart palpations, upset brave out, trouble sleeping, and muscle aches. Bronchodilators are approved by the FDA and originated in emergency way of life settings, where the necessity was abundant for chronic asthma attack patients. Albuterol, commonly used for the maintenance of asthma in an inhaler form is oft however more effective than most other long acting bronchodilators.Albuterol is considered an anticholinergic bronchodilator. As previously mentioned, theophylline, an inexpensive bronchodilator acts as a stimulant correspondent to caffeine. Theophylline stimulants the heart and nervous system , relaxing airway muscles. Some side effects of its use involve nausea, diarrhea, stomach ache, headache, and irregular heartbeat. Some bronchodilators contain adrenaline so mixing with other stimulating drugs for the treatment of elevated blood pressure, diabetes thyroid, hyperactivity, and heart disease are discouraged from the use of bronchodilators.Inhaled bronchodilators enable the drug to reach into the lungs for maximum benefits (medicine. net). It is a possibility to overdose on inhaled bronchodilators. Some signs of overdose include seizures, headaches, fainting and dizziness, and breast pains. If one is experiencing symptoms similar while using inhaled bronchodilators it is advised to visit a local emergency room or primary election care physician. Alternate treatment conducive to bronchodilators includes pulmonary rehab and therapy. Excessive use of bronchodilators makes the treatments less effective and increases the hazard of side effects.It is uncommon to have al lergic reactions to bronchodilators but in the event, rash, itching, swelling and further complications occur, further use is discouraged. Some conditions treatable with bronchodilators are commonly COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD is an irreversible disease associated with air flow obstruction. (purdue. ca/products/products-asthma-asb) COPD umbrellas a category of other conditions such as emphysema, (irreversible lung damage/over inflation/weaking of air sacs) and chronic bronchitis (inflammation and scarring of airways tubes.Common symptoms of these conditions include chronic chough, wheezing increased mucus, shortness of breath, and slow minimal activity. COPD is more predominantly caused by cigarette smoking however other causes may include genetics, air pollution, cystic fibrosis, and childhood infections. Another condition treatable with bronchodilators is asthma. Asthma is also a chronic lung disease that causes swelling of the airways which creates compli cations with breathing.Causes of asthma are less solid than those of COPD but implicate being due to an immune-mediated bear upon which inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators enter airway tissues to cause disease (purdue. ca/products/products-asthma. asp). One who is diagnosed with asthma often becomes sensitive to hair sprays, cosmetics, cleaners, paints, pollens, animals and cock roaches, chemicals, temperature, and even some foods, An asthma attack is experienced with shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightening, persistent coughed and dyspnea.Bronchodilators are most effectively used while avoiding things that further complicate breathing. This is especially original with cigarette smoke which should be avoided first and second hand. Bronchodilators work most when used according to ethical drug and consistency. One should always educate self when or before exposing the body to such drugs as bronchodilators which are often stimulants and cause brief and sudden body c hanges.

Education Among the Pakistani Women Essay Example for Free

Education Among the Pakistani Wo manpower probeIntroductionEducation is perhaps the main source of human intellectual development and a vital factor pertaining to standard of living. Education here refers to all instructions received by a child, whether at home, playground, or school. Continuous increase in population and declining assets in public pedagogy give squander to a serious dilemma for developing countries. Like approximately of rest of the developing world, Pakistan is known to be a male dominated country and ranks as the seventh nearly populous of the world. The sex proportionality is 105.7 men to every 100 women, with an oerall literacy rate of only 45% 56.5 percent for males and 32.6 percent for females in 1998 (Jehan, 2000). For centuries women boast been battling for equality, yet the society continues to shape the stereotyped view of women and is responsible for the lower billet of women. This makeup aims to explore the factors obstructing Pakistani w omen, specifically in rural aras where they sha big moneyot acquire education.The consequences they face due to need of academic opportunities ar also discussed alongside an elaborate analysis pertaining to various sociological concepts introduced in the course. This is an ongoing pagan and policy-making issue, which reflects the corrupt government and extreme subjective interpretations of the religious doctrines. The status of Pakistani women reflects the complex interplay of many an separate(prenominal) factors some(prenominal)(prenominal) as social, ethnical, and religious views. In addition, the gender biases, geographical regions, and social classes pose several difficulties for Pakistani women. Lack of education quite obviously hinders their practicality in the workforce along with increased unaw atomic number 18ness to the highest degree health and failure to access legal rights for mistreatment from the male dominating society.The social and cultural perspective of Pakistani society is primarily patriarchal. At a very early st period men and women ar separate into two separate worlds, this poses a way of invigoration. For women home is defined as being the lawfully ideologic space whereas, the men dominate the world right(prenominal) the home. This false ideological discrimination amid within and outside worlds is supported by the notion of award and the tradition of purdah (veil, the seclusion of women from the sight of men or strangers) in Pakistan (Country Briefing Paper, 2000). The male honor is associated with the womens sexual behaviour, the familys honor involve great emphasis on womens sexuality. Although the women atomic number 18 not prohibited from working, at the same epoch they argon supposed to firmly follow the rules of morality.They may feel a role strain, to be a good daughter or married woman or to have the right to do a melodic phrase they wish to do. Status is defined by your social location, and women in ge neral face everyday evil because of their gender. Pakistan, being a developing country, has a lower overall status in the world. Pakistani women have many statuses one being a Pakistani, this however is an achieved or ascribed social position. Meaning it can be attained either by taking birth in the country, or by applying to become a citizen. Being Pakistani is not her only social position, when shes born shes a daughter (ascribed status), when she gets married shes a wife (achieved status), and then when she has children shes a female p atomic number 18nt (achieved status). The status in terms of just occupying a position the 3 different statues that the Pakistani women achieve are daughter, wife, and mother. She is not known for anything other than that.Rarely are they known for working women, or any sorting of job positions. The culture controls at them as nothing to a greater extent, nor are they supposed to have any other status. Status in terms of prestige or honour for c enturies women have been fighting for equality, equal rights, honour, and mention despite all of that, it is still an ongoing struggle. Pakistani women have an ascribed lower status, this means that women dont earn or work towards being a lower status they are abandoned it by birth. Most Pakistani families yearn for a son, so he could handle the family business, unless on receiving a daughter, they are ashamed. Hence this starts her being worth little in the eyes of her parents. As she grows older, the neighbours start to look at her that way, and so forth. Eventually the society looks at her that way and therefore, it becomes a norm, or part of an ideology.A Pakistani womens life particularly in rural areas is a journey of subordination. As a charwoman is growing up she must listen to her father who decides whether she obtains education and who she would marry. After marriage her husband and in-laws are the decision makers on her behalf, who in the first place decide how man y children she would have and whether she is allowed to work outside the household. In a womans senior years her sons decide the fate for the rest of her remaining life. This is the norm in Pakistan the behavioral expectations of women are to listen to the males that dominate their outlasts. Furthermore the entire society acts as an oppressor imposing stereotypical roles upon them. As such, daughter, wife, mother in all three of these roles, the woman is expected to be sexually excellent, that is, not to commit any acts of adultery. In all three, she must protect her familys honor by learning conventional general labor skills, exquisite manners, and modest dressing.Women are part of a draw in this loop starts from being a daughter, being a wife, and finally a mother it ends in the mother giving birth to another daughter who must now follow her mothers footsteps and live a life reminiscent to that of her mother. This social structure reflects the roles of women in a shocking new l ight, a light that barely, if not at all, reaches the west. The daughters role starts when she is born into the family. Her role in her family is to scavenge the house, train care of the chorus alongside her mother, serve food, and if shes lucky, go to school in a very unhygienic, little populated school. She is to get married at a very early age and this often results in her not finishing her education. Her father decides whom she should marry this is a process with both cultural and religious significance. According to Islam, it is already written to whom you result marry. By the father being the person who decides, that gives him the high authority or higher status as the daughter must be handed over by a wali (the present caretaker, either her oldest brother or father).The role of the wife in most sense the role of the wife is very similar to that of the daughter she is supposed to keep the honour of the husband by keeping quiet, following his lead, and implicitly being a sl ave. The role of mother this is when the daughter learns to take all the cultural guidelines and the norms and apply it on her children. Thus the cycle starts all over again. In assemble for this cycle to break the women need to view their roles in perceptive of the bigger picture. They need to realize that they have voices and that they can change their faith. Though this does not mean going against their religion, but to fight for their rights in a politically corrupted governing system. Acquiring academic and career planning resources is definitely a creative and logical start to absolving them from this loop. Conversely, the political and cultural infrastructure most definitely tries to thwart these efforts.The implications of these cultural requirements and lack of education for womens economic activities are catastrophic. The female labour force participation is known to be the second lowest for Pakistan in the world (Jehan, 2000). Their high contribution in agriculture and the informal domain of work tends to go unrecorded by the statistics. However, in the poorest regions, some(prenominal) opportunities occur for women to work outside areas for interior(prenominal) services such as sweepers, construction workers, and hired labourers. Women are also restricted to several industries such as textiles, food and beverages and pharmaceuticals. This norm guides the social behavior of Pakistani women, where they cannot acquire high paid jobs and limits women to jobs that are lowest paid and require less mobility.These gender-defined roles vary from the geographical region in which they reside, where some areas are stricter. The main concern is the lack of education among the rural areas limiting their working capabilities. The total number of females with less than primary education is 18% (Ibraz, 1993). The situation is better in urban areas where women have overcome some of the traditional restrictions due to educational facilities. Another factor that restricts Pakistani females from acquiring higher level of education is the traditional rule of marrying them at an early age. The average age of marriage is stated at 17 years for females (Ibraz, 1993). After marriage the beliefs of the husband interfere resulting in his social behavior of making his wife take care of the household and his family rather than continuing with farther education or working outside the household. Cultural ideas such as protecting the familys honor result in women barely communicating with men outside their family.If any communication is necessary, they adjust their religious headgear to make sure that comme il faut protocol is followed and communicate only with minimal eye contact and enthusiasm. Another cultural idea such as honor killings also encourages males to warn females of the consequences of not following the norms and of course, encourage them even more to hold out an execution if the woman is in fact found guilty. Also, in rural areas, a v ulgar cultural idea is that education encourages women to rebel against their respective families. This furthermore advocates the practice of not wasting cash sending girls to school. Social identicalness women who are brave and resourceful enough to leave their families are mark as heathen or witchy. Other females in the neighbourhood are forbidden to socialize with them.Therefore, a common tool to dominate women who do rebel is to take away all social identity from them or in worse cases, demeaning their social identity through media propagandas and common word of mouth. This is a very potent technique it makes other women (who are in sync with norms ) disrespect and look down on those that actually stood up to the discriminating societal structure. The male dominating ideology, therefore, persists. The health indicators of Pakistani women are among the worst in the world. Pakistan is known to be one of the few countries where the life expectancy of males exceeds the females. O ne in every 38 women die due to pregnancy related complications (Annual Report, 2009).The health of the Pakistani women was never considered a priority because woman as a gender are not culturally, traditionally, or religiously given equal status in the society. The health system relies on this gender inequality and is hesitant to re feed policies to help improve womens health. Lack of awareness among the female population allows them to accept the mistreatment from the system. They are more likely to approach different methods of treatments themselves. More than 80% women are delivered at home in the battlefront of unskilled birth attendants (Annual Report, 2009). Social and domestic control over womens sexuality, their economic dependence on men, and restrictions on their mobility establish the health services provided to males and females.Furthermore, honour killings, enthral, and illegal trafficking of women are prevalent across much of the country. Women in Pakistan are seen as a representative of the mens honour to whom they belong they are responsible for guarding their virginity and chastity. If a woman is superficially having an illicit sexual relationship, she degrades the family honor and looses the right to life (Amnesty International, 1999). In response the man publicly reveals his power to safeguard his honour by killing the women that have alter it, these acts are done openly. Brutal punishments are reported for bringing food late, for answering back, and even for labor forbidden family visits. Extreme measures such as honour killings take place for several matters. Conveying the commit to choose a spouse and marrying a partner of their own choice is an act of disobedience since most marriages are supposed to be arranged by fathers. Divorce is seen as a public insubordination and women must be punished for restoring male honour. Rape among the Pakistani women is seen as a highly disastrous event and thus rape victims are also executed.Th e Government of Pakistan has failed to take any measures against the honour killings (Amnesty International, 1999). The political institution is flawed the law and government that are supposed to protect their people from harms way charge corruption. To give women a lower status and view them as unequal is prejudice. It is institutionalized for a Pakistani woman to follow the authority of the man, since he is superior to. It is a practice to look down upon women in Pakistan as it became a norm. An example of such injustice is a story of rape victim named Shazia Khalid. She was a medical doctor, who got married and was offered a job by a government drag facility. Her husband worked outside the country, she was staying at the facility that was secured by the members of the military. She was repeatedly raped overnight and then hush by the military as they would not allow the police to investigate.To avoid embarrassment of the military, General Musharraf, the chair of Pakistan, decla red the rapist innocent. They further attacked Shazia by suggesting she was a prostitute. At this point Shazia attempted suicide but thankfully was saved by her childs request. Her story increased medias attention and further humiliated the president of the country, her family was asked to leave the country by the order of the government. They decided to immigrate to Canada but because contiguous actions were required they were told to reside in England where they will be further assisted by the government to move to Canada. When landing at England they were abandoned by the government and are living on welfare time lag from their admission to Canada (McKenna, 2006). Egocentrism plays a big role in the hearts of Pakistani men. Their pride and honor has a prestige status meaning its worth more whereas a womans life is worthless.They created this norm shared by the society. In deciding not to follow the norm results in prohibit sanctions. Due to the institutionalized corruption man y Pakistani women have taken a toll to fight for their rights. Diverse groups including the Womens Action Forum, the Pakistan Women Lawyers Association, the All-Pakistan Womens Association and the Business and Professional Womens Association, are supporting projects throughout the country that focalisation on empowering women.They have been involved in such activities as instituting legal aid for indigent women, oppose the gendered segregation of universities, and publicizing and condemning the growing incidents of violence against women. ( Group, strict)The progressive womens association (PWA) and the all Pakistan womens association (APWA) is comprised of educated individuals an example of their political struggle is the attempt to change the hadood ordinances law in Pakistan regarding rape. They are quite effective as they are setting the milestone for women standing up for their rights in the country. polishIn light of arguments presented in the paper, the low status of Pakist ani women can be attributed to lack of education and cultural values. The consequences are very negative inequality in the workforce, poor health, and marriage at youthfulness age with high fertility and childbearing mortality. Pakistani women lagging behind in education are not aware of their legal rights and are forced to focus on obligations of family life. Although this paper is geared mainly towards the women in rural areas of Pakistan, the cultural and traditional aspect of life imposed on women still persists in middle and higher classes, merely less strict. Hence, there is definitely a big gap between the loose group of women and the strict group of women. Consequently, a solution to the issue can also be portrayed as bridging the gap between these two respective groups. Assistance from the global community will be required to educate different populations to invoke change.Resources APA styleAnnual Report. (2009). Health of women in Pakistan. federation of Obstetricians G ynaecologists of Pakistan. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC).Amnesty International. (1999). Pakistan, Honour Killings of Girls and Women.Country Briefing Paper, Women in Pakistan. (2000). Situation abstract of Women in Pakistan An overviewIbraz, Tassawar S. Fatima, Anjum. (1993). Uneducated and Unhealthy The Plight of Women in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review. 324 Part II, pp. 905-915Jehan, Qamar. (2000). office of Women in Economic Development of Pakistan.University Of Balochistn.McKenna, Terence. (Feb-Mar 2006). In Dept Pakistan Pakistan, Land, Gold, Women. CBC news. Retrieved from http//www.cbc.ca/news/background/pakistan/mckenna_pakistan.htmlMunir, Shafqat. (2001). Institutionalized Exploitation of Women as Negative Impact of Globalization. Journalists for Democracy and Human Rights (JDHR) Pakistan.