An Overview of Existentialism Theory

An Overview of factualialist philosophy TheoryIn a cle atomic number 18r sense empiricalism is a 20th century philosophy that is examined the idea of existence and of the way bulk found themselves existing in the world. The idea is that people as case-by-cases exist first and thence each soulfulness sp bars their existence varying their understanding of that their sustenances temper or essence was stand fort to be.In a simpler term, existentialism is a philosophical thinking that a soulfulness might experience when worried with finding their self-importance and what the meaning of life may be through, life choices, free will, and the undertaking of personal righteousness. The principle is that we as humans argon searching to discover who and what we ar throughout life, as we make choices base on experiences, attitude, and sometimes beliefs. What is to a greater extent individual choices becoming distinctive without the need of a detached form of truth. An existentialis t philosopher might consider that a person ought to be required to decide and be accountable for their own existence without the assistance of other things such as laws, cultural rules, or rituals.Existentialism includes thought of the basic notionsHuman free willHuman nature is chosen through life choicesA person is best when struggling against their individual nature, fighting for lifeDecisions are not without stress and consequencesThere are things that are not rationalPersonal responsibility and discipline is crucialSociety is unnatural and its traditional religious and secular rules are arbitraryWorldly desire is futileExistentialism brush off more often than not be described in a multiplicity of perceptions and trulyly there cant be one given answer as to what it really is, notwithstanding still it does not embrace any of the ideawealth, pleasure, or honor make the good lifesocial values and structure control the individualaccept what is and that is enough in lifescience can and will make everything splitpeople are basically good but sunk by indian lodge or external forcesI want my way, at present or It is not my fault mentality(All About, n.d.)There is a varied transition of philosophical thinking, religious beliefs, and political ideas that make up what existentialism is, so there is no general agreement in a subjective centralise of beliefs and ideals. Since beliefs vary, each gets that the individuals best freedom is whats historic for people within a society.Existentialisms Influence on HumanityExistentialistic beliefs came at a time where in society there was a sense of hopelessness pursuit World War II and the Great Depression. There was an essence of confidence in people whose life that was devastated by events of World War I and its tragedies. This depression had been voiced by existential philosophers such as Kierkegaard, Dostoyevsky, Nietzsche and Sartre well in to the 70s and has remained on to this day as a common way of thoug htfulness and reasoning.With freedom to decide ones desired belief and lifestyle, an existentialist could a very of things from being a religious moralist, doubter relativist, or an amoral atheist. With Kierkegaard being a religious philosopher, Sartre an atheist and Nietzsche an anti-Christian. Being credited for their workings and literatures on existentialism. With Sartre being noticed for taking the philosophy to global business organisation in the 20th century era. With a philosophy work based on a lecture called Existentialism is a Humanism he gave in Paris, 1945. Then a well-liked starting point for debates on Existentialist views, his work has been criticized by some philosophers. Even Sartre later disapproved of some of the views he stated and had reasoning backward over its publication.Each basically agrees that human life cannot be fully complete and completely pleasing since due to misery and past or authoritative suffering that occurred when reflecting on ones lack of designer, control and perfection over their broods. While they did approve on that life is not ever satisfying, it nevertheless has a meaning. The move and journey one takes for find their true self and true personal meaning in life. The arbitrary act when someone or society attempts to affirm or demand that their rules or beliefs are to be closely accepted and observed. Existentialists trusted that this destroyed individuality and makes a person become what the people in power desired, (similar to Michel Foucault on docile bodies) thus dehumanizing them and reducing them to being an object. A persons decision is the important factor when taking into account what is to be trusted quite an than religious or cultural rules.ReferencesAll About (n.d.). Existentialism. online Available at http//www.allaboutphilosophy.org/existentialism.htm Accessed 10 Jan. 2017.Burnham, D. and Papandreopoulos, G. (n.d.). Existentialism. online Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available at ht tp//www.iep.utm.edu/existent/ Accessed 10 Jan. 2017.CrashCourse, (2016). Existentialism Crash Course Philosophy 16. Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaDvRdLMkHs Accessed 9 Jan. 2017.Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish. 1st ed. New York Vintage Books.Sartre, J. (1948). Existentialism and Humanism. 1st ed. capital of the United Kingdom Methuen.Slow cinema is a cinematography style which stems from the artist film genre and which involves conveying a sense of a designed deadeningness to its viewer. Films in this genre often involves a lot of resistance to the substance abuse of movement and sometimes emotions, the absence of causality and focus on realism, such as, silent in a car. (alayan, 2014) This affect is normally achieved through the practice of using long takes, minimalist acting, slow or inexistent movements of the camera, and sparse editing along with illicit music.Slow cinema came from the slow movement which encouraged a social change toward slowing dow n ones life pace. It ap upraisely began in the year 1986 with Carlo Petrinis testify against an opening of a McDonalds in Rome. This eventually sparked the creation of what was called the slow food movement. And over time, this had established into sub cultures in other areas, like slow cities, slow fashion and of course slow cinema. The slow moniker has successively been related to a range of activities and parts of culture, especially in a world that now release on things being so fast, such as action movies and fast food.I happened to then look for set asides and even thesiss relating to slow cinema, being prosperous to read The Multisensory Film Experience a book that argues that it is the experience one lives from the viewing of film that is inherently multisensory and not the medium, contained a great deal of significances to materials and elements that is in addition appropriate for use in Slow Cinema, or that comes specially from slow films. The book even discusses Slow Cinema, which hadnt shocked me at all. With the help of its supporting tv set so to help get a better understanding of how these techniques would work, it claims that the multisensory experience in viewing a film can be felt principally in ones with little to no dialogue. Films which swallow permitted time for its viewing audience experience and films which are often seriously concerned with viewer or the appreciation of beauty in its cinematics be in colourful landscapes or thoughtfulness of subject framing. That is not to say that other genres of films created dont create or give this experience. It is simply more challenging to identify with blockbuster styled action movie as multisensory experience rather than as a product which uses image and sound extremely, nevertheless that doesnt mean it isnt there. Particularly, Antunes states that By using non-verbal communication and the senses, these films capture the interest of various audiences. The experiential appeal of these films is universal. (Antunes, 20167).The point that it is the experiential aspect is universal describes to me why there seems to be a relatively sizable group of people fascinated by slow cinema based films, and when asked why they are attracted to it, it seems that they may all feel the same way. Surely to different degrees, nonetheless its constantly about the individuals own experiential characteristic towards the films, not about how they feel towards the actress looks, or how staggering the use of movie cuts occurred. There is a feeling that lies within these individuals own identity in a way, who appreciate slow cinema, and I believe that me reading Antunes book is a very good start to discovering this feeling, the same way with discovering the feeling relating to Existentialism.Although the pic above isnt a fair comparison it is to gain an understanding of the major pellets of slow cinema verses Hollywood blockbusters might entail. Different genres give a different exper ience especially when it comes to the use of cinematic framing and even acting. The viewers are there to experience the film in a different light.To me the experience you acquire from viewing slow cinema is subjective and generally individual so, I cant prove anything or write a neutral scientific review backed up with facts I can only coming into court you the style and methods it uses in hope that you can experience it in a similar way to me. But film viewing isnt fact, its experience. It al ways has been and it will always will be, be it that were discussing films of from the popular mainstream releases or to niche art house cinema.ReferencesAntunes, L. (2016). The Multisensory Film Experience. 1st ed. Chicago University of Chicago Press.Antunes, L. (2016). The Multisensory Film Experience A cognitive Model of Experiential Film Aesthetics (Luis R. Antunes, 2016, Intellect Books). Available at https//vimeo.com/166639673 Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.Alayan, O. (2014). SCREENING BOREDOM Th e History and Aesthetics of Slow Cinema. Ph.D. University of Kent.JoBlo Movie Trailers, (2014). darkness Moves Official Movie Clip 1 (2014) Jesse Eisenberg, Dakota Fanning HD. image Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=zU96c-uEWxc Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.Keene, S. (2015). Slow Cinema vs Hollywood. Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-YTt8zfCOw Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.Existentialism being a catch-all word used for those philosophers who consider the nature of the human condition as the crucial philosophical problem and who tract the opinion that this problem is best tackled through what is called ontology.With existentialism being a philosophical theory that a person is an unrestricted being who have power over their own choices and actions. Existentialists believe that people should not limit their individuals life or actions and that limitations constrain a persons free-will and the growth of that persons real potential.To get a better understanding existentialism, it w as important for me to look into examples of existential situations, activities and questions. It was also fun to look into how the media industry use of this theory is done and which movies and directors were famous for their use of existentialism.Common Existential ActionsTaking charge for your own actions.Deciding your life based on what you think is the most significant way to spend your future.Living your life without concern on following all if any of commonly-held religious or social beliefsTrusting in yourself that as educator you are offering a dogmatic and critical role in the growing of your students.And more extreme behaviors such as releasing all of your belongings and going on some appearance of self-journey.Existential QuestionsTo get an understanding of how existentialism view life, here are instances where existential questions may come into playWho am I?What is my real object or identity?What is the meaning of life?What is the meaning of existence?What is my gr eater purpose?What is death? And what happens when to a person when they die?Is there a immortal? And if there is a god, what is the nature of god?Existential Crisis ExamplesAn existential crisis is when a major changes relating to life or tragedy happens and causes us to start questioning our real identity. Such asBeing in education you entire life and have become so used to the routine however when youve come towards the end you not entirely sure which path you want to continue with.You fall in love and want to live with that person forever. Then you discover that person does not feel the same way.You identify yourself as an athlete and have a promising career. Then you have a severe injury and your career is over. At that point, you would have an existential crisis because you have defined yourself as an athlete.If you are raised to believe that God rewards good people and punishes bad people, you may have a problem coping with injustice or cruel acts inflicted by bad people on good people.You see yourself as a parent so when the children leave the home, you are faced with a crisis in how you perceive yourself.You are a soldier and you have been told that you will be considered a hoagy by people you are trying to help. Then you find out that they hate you.Existentialism x MediaMonty Python dealt with existentialism in their 1983 film Monty Pythons The Meaning of lifespanAlice in Wonderland Alice wishes she hadnt come there but it was her decision and no one elses.In Natasha Bedingfields song, Unwritten where in the lyrics she explain that no one else can take the blame since it was a person decision out of their own free will to do it. Feel the rain on your skin, No one else can feel it for you, Only you can let it in No one else, no one elseIn the movie Stranger than Fiction the character prof Hilbert implies that Harold can do whatever pleases him, even if it just means eating nothing but pancakes. This is to point out that he should go out and live his life.The movie I Heart Huckabees. In this movie a character uses a blanket to represent the universe and that each part of the blanket is a person or thing.Theatre of the Absurd has roots in existentialism as shown in Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, where characters discuss their lives spot waiting for Godot.In Jean-Paul Sartres No Exit , people are left in a room and they think it is hell but no one arrives to torture them. They in brief see that they really there to torment one another but instead they converse about each others lives.Directors of Existentialist FilmsSome movie directors are well-known for their existentialist films such asChristopher NolanStanley KubrickWoody AllenWes AndersonJean-Luc GodardCharlie KaufmanThese are all different examples that can help gain a better understanding of what existentialism is and how it has been used in the media, both in film and music, also who is known for using elements of this theory in the process of their creative pr ocess.ReferencesBurnham, D. and Papandreopoulos, G. (n.d.). Existentialism. online Iep.utm.edu. Available at http//www.iep.utm.edu/existent/ Accessed 4 Jan. 2017.CrashCourse, (2016). Existentialism Crash Course Philosophy 16. image Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaDvRdLMkHs Accessed 4 Jan. 2017.YourDictionary. (n.d.). Examples of Existentialism. online Available at http//examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-existentialism.html Accessed 4 Jan. 2017.With my idea following the styling of slow cinema, its meaning even more importance is put on the use of cinematic and well as how the characters are framed in aim for the viewers to get the emotions and feelings of the character without having to use dialog, so i began researching how best to do this has I have loved the work of Tom Campbell.There are many different techniques to express emotions on screen, from obviously expressing it with dialog to tapping into the use psychological effects related to colour. But framin g shots in specific ways can also be really effective at communicating a characters emotional and mental state.Though it might seem like a bit of a puzzling idea, of communicating feelings through visuals however it is relatively straightforward. There are a number of elements in filmmaking that do the job, and filmmakers, like Steve McQueen, hound Darabont and Alfonso Cuarn combined them to produce some of the most effectively moving and emotional scenes in cinematics.From watching the video by Simon Cade DSLRguide, one of the main pieces of culture that was just briefly touched upon, is that storytelling with the use of cinematography is basically the art of visually portraying some sort of change. If your characters happen to go through an important change during the script, let your cinematographic selections reveal that change. Lets say that a character starts out, terrified, shy or timid of the world around him. You could start off with framings that minimizes the characters size while accentuating and increasing the situation around him. The use of Wide-angled lensees are great for this purpose as they capture more of whats in view. Then, as the narrative develops and the character becomes self-confident, your framings and lens choice should begin to develop with that change. Instead of using wide-angles, you choose a longer focal length that separate the character from their foreground and background, and frame them so that they are equal or even larger in the frame as the other characters around them.The other important insight from watching this video shows is that with cinematography, none of these rules are set in stone. As weve seen from many other experimental pieces and even TV shows, rules are meant to be broken, and in fact, many filmmakers unnoted these conventions in their own work such as cinematographer Tom Campbell on Mr. Robot. The essential thing is that you make knowledgeable use of cinematic choices based on whats happening in the story and what your character is undergoing emotionally.James Manning discusses a bit on how the producers of the award-winning TV show Mr. Robot uses framing, namely quarter-circle framing, to communicate the social anxiety and distrust experienced by its protagonist, and we me taking inspiration from the show on how to frame my characters to help show theyre emotions on scene without having to using dialog.As we have seen there are numerous different recognised concepts about composition and storytelling with just cinematics, that looks to enlighten us on how a characters placing within a frame affects the audiences understanding of the scene. The general view of the Rule of Thirds states the frame is split into horizontal and vertical guide lines that create a multi-quadrant grid, the crossings of them then serves as the focal point for anything of significant to the image such as faces and objects.There are many ways to play around with this perception such as placing the things of main importance at a crossing, but you can also communicate different things by placing your subject inside a certain(prenominal) quadrant. An example by, how the creators placing Elliot in the bottom left quadrant gives the feeling of how he is isolated, and even untrusting of what is around him. The reason for this stems from the relationship between positive lacuna and negative space with negative space being the space that surrounds a subject, while positive space is usually the subject itself. If a character, which is conventionally the focal point of the framing, simply takes a small portion of the frame, the negative space enhances and becomes much more noticeable and even consuming, which can result in create emotions such as isolation, loneliness, suspicion, distrust and powerlessness.ReferencesCineFix, (2016). 3 Brilliant Moments in the Visuals of Emotion. Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDFTFFA0LtE Accessed 3 Jan. 2017.DSLRguide, (2015). Composition + F raming Storytelling with Cinematography. Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfIanZimZR8 Accessed 3 Jan. 2017.Manning, J. (2016). Mr Robot Unconventional Framing (Video Essay). Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Se6ftrRd5KM Accessed 3 Jan. 2017.